National standards and essence of oil determination (methods used in oil detection technology)
The purpose of oil determination is to ensure the quality, performance and applicability of oil to meet the needs of industry, automobiles, aviation and other fields. Determination helps to ensure smooth operation of equipment, extend mechanical life, improve efficiency, and prevent environmental pollution. The main types of oil determination include viscosity determination, water content determination, acid value determination, base value determination, flash point determination, oxidation stability determination, etc. These determinations can comprehensively evaluate the physical properties, chemical properties and stability of oil, and provide key data for appropriate oil selection and maintenance.
Ⅰ. National standard for oil determination
1. Engine oil
GB/T 11120 "Standard for viscosity grade of engine oil for motor vehicles"
GB/T 11121 "Standard for viscosity grade of engine oil for motor vehicles"
GB/T 3141 "Determination of flash point and low temperature physical and chemical properties of lubricating oils"
2. Lubricating oil
GB/T 269 "Determination of water content in mineral oil industrial lubricating oils"
GB/T 11143 "Determination of oil for liquid fuel and diesel fuel"
GB/T 511 "Determination of zinc content of grease"
3. Fuel
GB/T 11145 "Determination of oil for diesel fuel"
GB/T 258 "Determination of liquid fuel-insulating oil"
GB/T 264 "Determination of measurable impurities in liquid fuels"
4. Petroleum products
Determination of hydrocarbons in liquid petroleum products - fluorescent indicator adsorption method (GB-T11132-2008)
GB/T 1884-2000 Laboratory determination of density of crude oil and liquid petroleum products (densitometer method)
GBT13894-1992 Manual method for level measurement of petroleum and liquid petroleum products
GB/T 18612-2011 Determination of organic chlorine content in crude oil
Online oil monitoring system
II. Main methods used in oil detection technology
Oil detection technology uses a variety of methods to evaluate the properties, quality and suitability of oil. The following are some common oil detection methods:
1. Viscosity determination: Viscosity is an important property of oil, affecting lubrication and fluidity. Viscosity determination is often carried out using a rotational viscometer or other viscosity measuring instruments.
2. Flash point determination: The flash point is the temperature at which a liquid releases enough vapor to form a flammable mixture under given conditions. Flash point determination is usually carried out using a closed cup flash point apparatus or an open cup flash point apparatus.
3. Determination of moisture content: Moisture is harmful to many oils, so it is important to determine the moisture content. Common methods include coulometric titration, coulometric tube method and infrared spectroscopy.
4. Determination of impurities: Impurities in oil, such as solid particles, metals, ash, etc., can be determined by filtration, centrifugation, atomic absorption spectroscopy and other methods.
5. Determination of antioxidant properties: Oxidative stability in oil is a key property that can be evaluated using various methods, including residual determination of antioxidant additives or oxidation tests.
6. Determination of acid value: Acid value indicates the content of acidic substances in oil, which is usually determined by acid-base titration.
7. Density determination: The density of oil is one of its important physical properties, which can be determined by methods such as pycnometer method, float method, density meter, etc.
8. Infrared spectroscopy: Infrared spectroscopy can be used to analyze the molecular structure and chemical composition of oil, and is a very useful qualitative and quantitative analysis method.
9. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR): NMR technology can provide detailed information about the molecular structure and composition of oil.
10. Liquid chromatography: Liquid chromatography is often used to separate and determine various organic substances in oil.
These methods can be used alone or in combination, and the specific choice depends on the type of oil, application and user needs. Laboratories and professional oil analysis services usually use a combination of technologies to comprehensively evaluate the quality and performance of oil.
Ⅲ. What is the essence of oil monitoring?
Answer: Oil monitoring is essentially the process of regularly testing and evaluating the performance and quality of lubricants, liquid fuels and other liquids.
This is to ensure the effectiveness and reliability of these fluids in mechanical systems and provide useful information on the health of equipment. The essence of oil monitoring is reflected in the following aspects:
1. Predictive maintenance: By monitoring the performance of the oil, potential problems in the mechanical system, such as wear, corrosion, and impurity accumulation, can be discovered early. This enables the maintenance team to take predictive maintenance measures to repair or replace damaged parts in advance, avoid equipment downtime and reduce costs.
2. Extend equipment life: Regular oil monitoring helps to maintain the normal working condition of the liquid in the equipment, reduce wear and friction, and thus extend the life of the equipment.
3. Improve equipment reliability: By monitoring the performance of the oil, you can better understand the working conditions of the lubrication system and hydraulic system, and reduce equipment failures and downtime caused by lubrication problems.
4. Improve energy efficiency: High-quality lubricants and liquid fuels help reduce friction and improve energy efficiency, thereby reducing energy consumption and helping to reduce operating costs.
5. Safety management: Oil monitoring helps to detect contaminants, impurities or abnormal components in the liquid, which may cause harm to the equipment and the environment. Early detection of problems helps to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety of equipment and the environment.
6. Quality control: Oil monitoring helps ensure that the lubricants and fuels used meet the specified standards and requirements, improving product quality and production efficiency.
7. Compliance: In some industries and fields, the monitoring requirements for liquid quality may involve compliance with regulations and standards to ensure compliance with environmental, safety and quality requirements.
The essence of oil monitoring is to provide insights into the operating status of equipment through comprehensive and regular analysis of the performance of liquids such as lubricants and liquid fuels to promote timely maintenance and management decisions. This helps reduce the risk of equipment failure, improve production efficiency, and ensure safe and reliable operation of equipment.
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